Can breast cancer come back?

(NC) For many people diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer, completing surgery, chemotherapy or radiation brings a sense of relief, and the hope of a fresh start. But for those with the most common subtype, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-), the threat of the cancer recurring can hang over them for years to come.

Recurrence means the cancer comes back after a period of remission. While the highest risk tends to be in the first five years after diagnosis, research shows that recurrence can happen much later—even a decade or more after treatment. And when it does return, it’s often metastatic, meaning it has spread to other parts of the body and is no longer considered curable. Understanding your individual risk of recurrence is important. 

Treatment often continues after cancer. One in eight Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and 82 per cent of them will be diagnosed in the early stages, which means the cancer is confined to the breast and nearby lymph nodes. Cancer is considered advanced when the tumour has grown larger or spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues, but not to distant parts of the body. 

Even in early stages, breast cancer can carry a long-term risk of recurrence—this risk is especially high for those diagnosed with HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Because of this risk, many people are prescribed ongoing treatments for several years following therapy. These treatments are designed to block the hormones that feed cancer cells, helping reduce the risk of recurrence and improve long-term outcomes.

Sticking to your treatment is essential. But staying on treatment can be tough. Whether from side effects, emotional burnout, or simply wanting to move on, it can be tempting to stop early. 

Research shows that sticking with your treatment plan can make a difference. Consistent therapy has been shown to lower the risk of recurrence and may help improve survival over time. 

Today, new therapies approved by Health Canada are expanding options for people at higher risk of recurrence, particularly those diagnosed with stage 2 or 3 breast cancer, regardless of age, as well as nodal or menopausal status. 

If you have concerns about your current treatment, tell your healthcare provider. Together, you may find solutions that better support your health.